Nigeria`s Civil War Reconciliation

Imagine if the Israeli Prime Minister hired a former PLO fighter as his personal pilot.Or if the president of the United States allowed a Russian to be his personal chauffeur at the height of the Cold War.Sounds surreal?Yet that is precisely what happened in Nigeria several decades ago when then head of state General Gowon hired an Igbo air force officer who formerly fought for Biafra as one of his presidential pilots....Read the full article.

[akuluouno]

Dear Max,

The pax Nigerianna after the war is exactly what has kept us where we are till today. Gowon himself have even admitted that there were some mischief in that pax.
War ends are often opportunities for nations to rise from the ashes of their underdevelopment like a Phoenix but what did we have in Nigeria, celebration of life, enjoyment over the utter defeat of the Biafrans and several missed opportunities to panel beat this nation into a world class state.
When you look deeply, you will see that the management of the peace after the war has been the bane of Nigeria till date

[tanibaba]

Max,

Thank you for this piece.

Thank you for reminding us of our humane dispositions and love that we generally have for each other

Thank you

taslim

[G-force]

Max,

A thousand and one commendations to you on the master piece you delivered. You know, most times, we Nigerians don't appreciate who we are, what we are and what we have as well as the positive things we have done before and are doing. There's this psychology of self-hatred, bitterness, insultive behaviour and aggression that beclouds the average Nigerian and eclipses his creativity and any signs of a good nature.

Anyway, not to differ from the main theme of your writing, I must say that looking at the Civil War and the aftermath through another lens like you have done is a shorter way to bring peace in the present.

Thank God the right kind of leaders were selected, both on the Nigerian and Biafran side when the war was declared over, or the kind of peaceful reconciliation that we saw would not have bee possible.

The only down point of the post-war years was that the Nigerian state seemed to have been hijacked by the likes of those who wanted Igbos to pay for the war, as evident in some post war policies like the 20 pounds given to every Igbo man and the abandoned property decree, etc as well as sidelining in many key Federal appointments, not until recently that Igbos have been appointed to key positions earlier prohibited to be given to an Igbo person. This at least, shows some progress in the reconciliation effort.

Nigeria is great. We only need to put the right people in the right places for things to work out like magic. I have my firm belief in the ability of Nigerians to excel inspite of all odds.

[akuluouno]

The Rt Hon G Force, M Siollum and Villagers,

It is exactly that kind of feeling almost expressed in yours that I was referring to when I talked about the management of the post the civil war peace.
The efforts at reconciliation made by Gowon were not borne out of altruism as the Esteemed M Siollum would want us to believe. Yes Gowon was a dye in the wool christian, but it was rather like a guilt offering akin to that psychological fulfillment a rapist gets after dealing with a girl he has stalked for a very long time.
Let us look at the manner of the prosecution of the war. It defies all logic of conduct of warfare in the 20th century when it took place. In this 21st century, it is a well known that all the prosecutors would have been in Hague today. The amount of bullets expended in the earlier months of the war cleared all doubts about the horror that was about to be unleashed. The Egyptian bomber pilots had a brief that includes straffing any anmate thing whether in a school, hospital or church. Added to this was the use of hunger as a weapon of war making all Biafrans target of the hell that was about to be loosened.
You may wish to apotheosize Gowon, but I tell you that he has since renounced any claims to sainthood seeing the quantum of innocent blood dripping from from his saintly fingers. That is why he goes about praying for our fatherland. But to pen a hagiography just as this one bothers on
Let it not be said that we are attempting to do a revisionism to historical facts. I still say that the management of the peace after the war is exactly the reason why we are we are today. The pax Nigerianna we have i sso unjust and might possible ruin us all if efforts are not made to address and correct it.
Remember that it was until the Pax Europa was revised with the fall of the Berlin Wall that the engine of Europe was let loose and integrated wholly into Europe to bring about the massive developments taking place in Europe today.

[G-force]

Akuluouno,

Thanks for your initial comments.

Now, on the Gowon issue, we will observe that the Gowon of yesterday has been further reformed to produce the Gowon of today. The elder Statesman has grown in stature to become a more conscience-conscious person, even though he was considered a saint back in the days, especially when compared to most of his comrades.

However, I must point out one thing that prompted the inhumane tactics used by the Federal forces. It was nothing short of fear at the initial stage. The early stages of the Civil War saw very heavy casualties on the side of the federal troops, who were masively slaughtered by the Biafran troops. This shocking defeat was in great contrast to earlier statements credited to some Federal troops, who had earlier struggled to be at the forefront of the battle in order to make name and appear larger than life to the "rebellious" Igbos, and one of them actually said : " This war will take us just four days to finish off."

Also, at a certain stage, after an entire battalion of Nigerian soldiers included an entire team of European mercenaries were wiped off in the East, an angry Nigerian officer, who luckily escaped the massacre, rudely replied his superior after being taunted as a failure. He responded by saying: " Sir, give me just one battalion of Biafran soldiers and with our superior artillery and weapons, i will wipe off the whole Nigeria !!"

After such revelation, and for the fact that Biafran scientists had successfully developed locally made bombs and advanced weapons, the Nigerian troops and command thought that the only way to defeat this now suddenly larger than life Biafrans was to adopt the crudest tactics and employ as many foreign hands as possible.

Much of their response was borne out of genuine fear of being wiped off by the Biafran troops.

[G-force]

Akuluouno,

Thanks for your initial comments.

Now, on the Gowon issue, we will observe that the Gowon of yesterday has been further reformed to produce the Gowon of today. The elder Statesman has grown in stature to become a more conscience-conscious person, even though he was considered a saint back in the days, especially when compared to most of his comrades.

However, I must point out one thing that prompted the inhumane tactics used by the Federal forces. It was nothing short of fear at the initial stage. The early stages of the Civil War saw very heavy casualties on the side of the federal troops, who were masively slaughtered by the Biafran troops. This shocking defeat was in great contrast to earlier statements credited to some Federal troops, who had earlier struggled to be at the forefront of the battle in order to make name and appear larger than life to the "rebellious" Igbos, and one of them actually said : " This war will take us just four days to finish off."

Also, at a certain stage, after an entire battalion of Nigerian soldiers included an entire team of European mercenaries were wiped off in the East, an angry Nigerian officer, who luckily escaped the massacre, rudely replied his superior after being taunted as a failure. He responded by saying: " Sir, give me just one battalion of Biafran soldiers and with our superior artillery and weapons, i will wipe off the whole Nigeria !!"

After such revelation, and for the fact that Biafran scientists had successfully developed locally made bombs and advanced weapons, the Nigerian troops and command thought that the only way to defeat this now suddenly larger than life Biafrans was to adopt the crudest tactics and employ as many foreign hands as possible.

Much of their response was borne out of genuine fear of being wiped off by the Biafran troops.

[Ewuro]

Originally Posted by G-force

Akuluouno,

Thanks for your initial comments.

Now, on the Gowon issue, we will observe that the Gowon of yesterday has been further reformed to produce the Gowon of today. The elder Statesman has grown in stature to become a more conscience-conscious person, even though he was considered a saint back in the days, especially when compared to most of his comrades.

However, I must point out one thing that prompted the inhumane tactics used by the Federal forces. It was nothing short of fear at the initial stage. The early stages of the Civil War saw very heavy casualties on the side of the federal troops, who were masively slaughtered by the Biafran troops. This shocking defeat was in great contrast to earlier statements credited to some Federal troops, who had earlier struggled to be at the forefront of the battle in order to make name and appear larger than life to the "rebellious" Igbos, and one of them actually said : " This war will take us just four days to finish off."

Also, at a certain stage, after an entire battalion of Nigerian soldiers included an entire team of European mercenaries were wiped off in the East, an angry Nigerian officer, who luckily escaped the massacre, rudely replied his superior after being taunted as a failure. He responded by saying: " Sir, give me just one battalion of Biafran soldiers and with our superior artillery and weapons, i will wipe off the whole Nigeria !!"

After such revelation, and for the fact that Biafran scientists had successfully developed locally made bombs and advanced weapons, the Nigerian troops and command thought that the only way to defeat this now suddenly larger than life Biafrans was to adopt the crudest tactics and employ as many foreign hands as possible.

Much of their response was borne out of genuine fear of being wiped off by the Biafran troops.

Interesting conjecture and postulation producing a short fiction. Un uh!

[denker]

" Sir, give me just one battalion of Biafran soldiers and with our superior artillery and weapons, i will wipe off the whole Nigeria !!"

nwannem, dis cracks me up big time....lol!

[Ewuro]

Former Biafran officer Ben Gbulie admitted that Gowon’s forgiveness would probably not have been reciprocated had Biafra won the war. Gbulie said “Probably if we had won the war, we would have shot him.”

Ben Gbulie spoke for many hate-filled people from Igboland.

[Lovenest]

Originally Posted by Ewuro

Interesting conjecture and postulation producing a short fiction. Un uh!

Ewuro,
What short fiction, or do you want to present another argumentum ignorantum?

[nijalaw]

Strange that this was not on NVS as it would have provided some great debate.

http://www.saharareporters.com/index...rib&Itemid=300

No Statute of Limitation on Murder
Sunday, 25 January 2009 23:18
By Zubbie Ekwueme

This is a narrative of a forgotten war and its most vulnerable victims – the children. This is a story of the most vicious, most savage crime of black people on black children. This is the forgotten story of the unfortunate children of Biafra.

A few days ago, the world demanded that truck loads of relief be shipped to the embattled people of Gaza. Israel made sure that food and medicines were being delivered for three hours every day to the besieged and embattled people. The effect is to some how protect vulnerable civilians from the more of the most horrendous, most damaging consequences of any war – hunger. Bombs could still be falling, rockets flying and buildings exploding, but at least the civilian non combatants – children, mothers and elderly could eat even a little - to stand a chance to fight or die another day.

But the Biafran children had no such luck. In their thousands, bloated, kwashiorkored and starved to death, they died horrendous, agonizing miserable deaths. They died at the feet of Nigeria, at the hands of fellow black people, fellow Nigerians. Death by hunger as everybody knows is the most inhuman, most savage, most beastly act of war ever meted out to children anywhere. Nigerian soldiers and politicians planned and carried out these dastardly massacres of little innocent children. And why did the children have to die? Your guess is as good as mine. Nigerian soldiers and politicians made sure that the Biafran children paid the price, the blood price for the oil the elitist Nigerians now enjoy. Click on the first link below to watch a video of the horrifying spectacle as a few Biafran children were airlifted out of Biafra by Caritas to San Antonio. http://www.newsplayer.com/plight-of-...children-video

Also, do not forget to read what New York Times had to say about the starved children of Biafra on August 1, 1987
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpag...5BC0A961948260


New York Times August 1, 1987 “This is misleading: American doctors found 480,000 children in serious condition as a result of inadequate relief weeks after Biafra was conquered. ''It is necessary to keep in mind,'' I write, ''that the 31.4 percent of the children under 5 found suffering edema, marasmus or kwashiorkor in early February 1970 were not the same children as the 42.2 percent under 4 in that condition the previous October. Many of the latter had died, their statistical numbers being replaced by those who slipped from moderate to severe malnutrition, then into death, and so on.'' There is no mystery about the generation of Biafran children born between 1963 and 1970. Most died. Representatives of the Red Cross and the World Council of Churches kept a careful count, which leads to the conclusion that some 2 million starved, three-quarters of them small children. As a result, shortly after the war, an official consensus emerged that only ''1 million had died, rather than the 2 million once feared.'' You repeat this ''official'' figure. It should be challenged whenever it appears as a continuation of the cynicism with which governments dealt with one of the most brutal man-made tragedies of our time.” - DAN JACOBS New York, July 15, 1987


These crimes against the children of Biafra must never be allowed to stand. They must never to go unpunished. All good men and women must stand up to be counted as the collective conscience of a nation. British Government must be put on notice because that government was duplicitous for acquiescing to the starving deaths of these children. The Governments of Egypt and Russia (Soviet Union) were all instrumental to these starving murders of the Biafran children.

Everyone I guess has now forgotten this ugly crime. Some prefer not to remember, others prefer to completely forget that horror. We call it “see no evil, hear no evil” It was too grave and too painful. Let the sleeping dog lie, they say. Revisiting this crime some say, is akin to resurrecting the primordial darkness, the eerie ghost of the bloodied Biafra. Still, that ghostly darkness is still pervading and slowly torturing the consciousness of all Nigerians.

It is not impossible to wake up, to galvanize the just peoples of the international communities (UNICEF) to seek a redress. International people of conscience must be mobilized against the inhuman pain and injustices suffered by Biafran children. No, it is not impossible. All that is required are a few good men and women of conscience, a few good people with fortitude and determination to seek justice for the executed children of Biafra. Appropriate UN organizations should be put on notice. These UN agencies must be invited to take a second look at the Biafran war. Such an action can be nothing but cathartic at best. This is what the doctor had just ordered for Nigeria. Nigeria needs to be exorcized from the children-eating demons of the civil war. This for a fact is, absolutely necessary and essential.

Nobody as far as I know, had ever requested a mere apology. Nobody either had volunteered any. The Igbo people and all other nationalities of the Eastern Region are still waiting for an apology from the Nigerian government. They might as well wait for ever. Ten years after the Rwanda genocide, the murderers as well as suspects are still being picked up all over the world and tried. Rose Kabuye in particular, a close associate of President Kigame of Rwanda was recently arrested in Germany and immediately handed over to France for questioning. This is yet to happen in Nigeria. While some Rwandan genocide perpetrators have been sentenced and some are currently awaiting trial, the people that committed this evil against Biafran children are still walking around enjoying the fruit of their infamy. Why not? They have gotten away with murder.

Nigerians need to look inward to find the truth and the courage to face the darkest days of Nigerian-Biafran conflict. Those were the very dark days when black African animals ate their own young, own offspring for the sake of oil. Please take a look at these grotesquely bloated, distended-bellies, scarecrow of children. They could have been yours but by the grace of God. These children could have been yours children. If you have tears prepare to shed them now - to paraphrase Shakespeare.

This discussion should not degenerate into a pro or anti Biafra rhetoric. No body should have to get away with murder. Whether you are against Biafra or for Biafra, this crime should have nothing to do with your position one way or the order. The world needs to know about the starved children of Biafra. Nobody had ever apologized let alone paid any price or compensation for these egregious crimes. Everybody knows that there is no Statute of Limitation on murder.

Listen to what Nigeria Finance Minister in 1968 had to say: As Federal Finance Minister of Nigeria in 1968, Chief Obafemi Awolowo, later a contender for the Presidency of Nigeria, stated: "starvation is a legitimate weapon of war, and we have every intention to use it against the rebels."At the peace talks in Niamey, Niger in August 1968, Nigeria refused to consider the opening of a monitored food corridor to allow food relief for starving civilians in Biafra including children and the elderly. Under the provisions of Appendix D, Article 2 of the United Nations Convention, "deliberately inflicting on a group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part" is qualified as genocide and whether carried out in time of peace or war is qualified by the convention as a punishable crime under international law. The irony, of course, is that although the death toll in Biafra topped 1 million in 1968 thanks in large part to Chief Awolowo's policy of strategic starvation, the United Nations reported "no genocide" in Biafra. - Oguibe

"All is fair in war, and starvation is one of the weapons of war. I don't see why we should feed our enemies fat in order for them to fight harder." - Awolowo

Listen to the commander of the 3rd Marine Commando of Nigerian army put it more tersely:
"I want to see no Red Cross, no Caritas, and no World Council of Churches, no Pope, no missionary and no UN delegation. I want to prevent even one Ibo (child) from having even one piece to eat before their capitulation. We shoot at everything that moves ....and when our troops march into the centre of Ibo territory, we shoot at everything even at things that do not move… "- Benjamin Adekunle, (Black Scorpion)
If the two statements above is not self-indicting of murder and war crime I don’t know what is.

Black inhumanity to black

Black Africans are a weird lot. We dance, cavort and sing kumbaya as President Obama is about to take office. Do we have the good nature, the focus and the capacity to look inwards and ask troubling questions about ourselves and of ourselves? Or are we like Adolf Hitler described in 1936 “just going through the external motions” of civilized people. The time to act is now -not tomorrow or next month. Now! Some of the perpetrators of these horrible crimes against international human rights laws are still alive today. Nobody has ever apologized nor got penalized. The Oputa report (that could have shed some light on this crime) is gathering dust where it is buried deep in blinding officialdom. It will never see the light of day just like these dead children. There may never be justice for these murdered children. There may never be justice for the kwashiorkor children of Biafra

People of conscience, men and women of good will would you help to right the wrong done to the innocent children of Biafra that were starved to death.

[tonsoyo]

Good talk Max, but can you see how unrepentant my people are with the majority of the responses so far?

They still want to know why they were given 20 pounds instead of been tried en masse for treason, they want to know why they are not celebrated as heroes when they should have been locked up in jail for treason, they want to know why their benefactors who actually won the war and refused to declare victory were not tried at Hague.

They refused to reciprocate the magnanimity of the Federal Government, they fail to realize the magnitude of break away attempt when failed even when you have a just cause.


It is so disheartening to hear all these talks. What these people failed to realize is that winners are never tried for war crimes, perpetrators and losers are usually are.

That war would have been concluded the very first week it started, the federal government quickly captured Enugu, but relaxed because they did not intend to be brutal thinking that Ojukwu will surrender, until they refused to surrender and embarked on the suicide mission. Now blames are being thrown around.

[Anioma777]

If I was marking Nigeria out of 10 for its total development after the civil war I will give her a 1/10.

1 mark is for not yet having another civil war...although that might still happen.I pray to God that does not happen.

Reconciliation in my opinion in the Nigerian context is half hearted. The most comical statement ever made by a Nigerian leader, was by Gowon:-

NO VICTOR NO VANQUISHED!!!!! How Ironic.

Granted just after a war there are still some bad feelings and mistrust between both sides. But if Gowon had wanted "REAL RECONCILIATION" to support his above ( PLAYING TO THE GALLERIES HOLY WORDS ABOVE ) he would have had ALL military men on the Biafran side who wanted to stay in the army brought back into the fold. Some where brought back, some where jailed then brought back the others jailed and left to their own devices. Is that an act of "REAL" RECONCILIATION.

Politically why has the North continued with assitance from the traitors in the south continued to hold most sensitive positions in goverment and goverment agencies when many of them could barely construct a sentence and where not qualified academically or have any substancial experience.And we wonder why we are backward. If all top positions where held by one tribe, but Nigeria was a prosperous place...who cares about their background.

During the Oputa panel, many ex-generals refused to attend despite it being a clear the air meeting. Again is that GENUINE RECONCILIATION?

We ALL if we are HONEST with ourselves harbour one prejudice or another about other tribes even sections within that tribe. Mine is I am passionate about Anioma development/Anioma state actualization ( the former which must come from Anioma people, heaven help those who help themselves ). I hate animals as pets. I believe in giving Nigerians the best qualified jobs and empowering them before foreigners unless there is a serious skill shortage.

Despite my mark of 1/10 for Nigeria. I still and will always believe in the country being ONE and its people despite their annoying traits which makes me sometimes contemplate enriching uranium to obliterate the country
I always despite my annoyance with negatives about Nigeria,glad I grew up in Nigeria and happy to be going back. That sense of national pride,education and confidence instilled in me, I must be honest has helped me walk tall in any country I visted be it for work or pleasure. There is something Unique about Nigerian men and women that I can only say is a blessing from God.

Many villagers on here I do not agree with their views, but I think its healthy to have disagreements so long as one does not hold a grudge and mistrust does not grow. I think ( maybe you fellow villagers can give your views on it in the context of Nigeria's Reconciliation ) the younger generation under 40 don't seem so tribalistic...or am I dreaming?

I prefer to dream sincerly that the major tribes in Nigeria and the smaller tribes will continue to co-exist and one day the President of Nigeria can even be from a minority since he/she is the best person for the job.

Many may call me "mumu", but its better to be a mumu and want the best for Nigeria as opposed to selfish personal reasons. Its dificult but not impossible. I only realised in the summer last year ( correct me if I am wrong ) that one of the Lagos commissioners is an Igbo man. The war should act as a deterent to ALL NIGERIANS and more continuos dialogue is needed. We have more to gain than lose!!!!

Pray I dont become cynical in six months time

[maxsiollun]

I can honestly say to you that had a less level headed leader than Gowon been in charge of the federal side, Igbos' fate would have been very different. Had one of the aggressive hotheads on the other side been in charge, people like Effiong, Njoku, and Madiebo would probably have been summarily executed rather than being pardoned. Their survival is down to Gowon.

As for reabsorbing Igbo officers en masse...I agree that more Igbo soldiers should probably have been reabsorbed after the war. However a mass indiscriminate reabsorption would have been unrealistic. For starters it would have compromised the safety of the surviving executors of the Jan 1966 coup. If Chukwuka, Gbulie, Nwobosi etc had been allowed back into the army, they would have lasted a few days before being murdered by vengeful northern troops still hurt by the Jan 1966 coup.

It would also have caused problems of command and control as some federal officers would have found it difficult to take orders from some of the core Biafran officers. There was bad blood especially against the Mid-West Igbo officers who allegedly facilitated the Biafran invasion of the Mid-West. The reabsorption of such officers would likely have led to further intra-army violence.

[Anioma777]

@Nijalaw

I feel your pain I lost about 20 of my family members, military and civilian before and during the war. The fact of the matter as you stated was that the British and their European and US cronies put pressure on Nigeria because of oil. The funny thing is where has that oil got us. As I told one Ogoni friend of mine a few years back see how Nigeria has paid you back. It is not in the interest of the UN or anyone else to bring war indictments, they don't care.

We survived and we should thank God. We are Nigerians now and other groups of people who faced what Biafrans went through would have just become destitute or never recovered. Those who are alive today and committed these atrocities, pity them and pray for them. History shows these type of people meet horrible deaths unless they atone for their sins.

The war veterans abandoned where you can, help them. As God says leave vengence for me!!!! Nigeria will get better!!!!!!!

[kvin33]

Of the exploits of Roman legions, the historian Tacitus once remarked, inter alia, "where they make a desert they call it peace". When you have your foot on someone's neck, he has a very different perspective on the urgency of the situation. You may call it playing, but the reason he is not screaming is not because he doesn't want to, its because he can't.

This is a very dangerous write up because it presumes quite a bit and I think it encourages a type of complacency that is an attack on reality. Peace is not simply the absence of war, and reconciliation is never by fiat. Call it reconciliation if you please, eulogize the "restraint" on the federal side if you must, my bet is, many from the east are wondering whether you mean to insult us. After spending the better part of a decade massacring people, then the following decades systematically disintegrating their economic, political and security infrastructure, how can you call it restraint and reconciliation? We should be grateful that the surrender delegation was not lined up and shot? Dead, in their millions, but thanks for letting a dozen people come and surrender the rest to slow death? For some Nigerians, the war was and remains just some theoretical exercise, discussions are therefore carried on as if its any odd topic. For most easterners, this history is written in the blood of close family members, this is sacred ground, we should thread lightly. I worry that many people who comment on the Biafra war and its aftermath really know nothing about the east, their culture, their way of life, and the level of destruction that has been visited deliberately on this place.

Wishes are not horses. It is like watching Hamas congratulate itself for ending suicide bombings while firing their kassam rockets. Terrorism by other means is still terrorism, likewise, war by other means is still war. There is something inherently unappealing about self-congratulation, in this case, I honestly find it downright obscene.

[Ewuro]

Originally Posted by Lovenest

Ewuro,
What short fiction, or do you want to present another argumentum ignorantum?

Are you Akuluounu? Unless you can show any real part of Akuluounu's post you must be really empty.

[akuluouno]

As a true Igbo and Biafran,

I can honestly say to you that had a less level headed leader than Gowon been in charge of the federal side, Igbos' fate would have been very different. Had one of the aggressive hotheads on the other side been in charge, people like Effiong, Njoku, and Madiebo would probably have been summarily executed rather than being pardoned. Their survival is down to Gowon.

Sir with due respects I can honestly say that your interpretation of military history wrt to the civil war is not very clear. Who were the hot heads and why should they visit such treatment on these people that you mentioned and for what reason. Was it people like Murtala Mohammed, Danjuma et al. These were little minnions in those days and already had enough blood in their hands to make them dizzy. So even in the prosecution of the war Gowon knew that they were no longer honourable men. I use the word honour in relative terms here.
Let us look at the immediate causes of the war including the massive pogroms going in the north which Saint Gowon apparently refused to speak against because of the same hot heads, who wopuld have condoned that. Which ethnic group would have suffered that in all conscience and still fold its hands to wait like the Jews for total annihilation.
The Nzeogwu coup was widely acclaimed even in the north, see Adewale Ademoyega's "Why We Struck" and other books.
Let us leave all that happened in the civil war until the last generation that saw it dies off to avoid stirring ghosts that have died.
My take is that until we revist the peace post civil war and make rectitude, Nigeri will remain in this mire making motion without progress.

[tonsoyo]

Originally Posted by kvin33

Wishes are not horses. It is like watching Hamas congratulate itself for ending suicide bombings while firing their kassam rockets. There is something inherently unappealing about self-congratulation, in this case, I honestly find it downright obscene.

Who is Hamas and who is Israel under the Biafra-Nigeria scenario?