Intellectual work, as Thandika Mkandawire has reminded us, is “quintessentially the labor of the mind and soul.”  Mkandawire went on to say that “intellectuals have played a major role in shaping passions, ideologies and societal visions.” This is principally true in Nigeria , where for several decades -- in spite of military autocracy and repression -- intellectuals helped shaped public debates and public policies.

In a formal sense, a few years after the University College of Ibadan was established in 1948, intellectualism, at least public intellectualism, became a feature of the Nigerian public landscape. And for the next three decades or so, Nigerian intellectuals were the doyen of the society; or at least, some of the doyens of the Nigerian society were intellectuals: men and women who earned the public’s trust, admiration and respect as a result of their faithfulness to intellectual pursuit.

From my own recollection and vantage point, most of the early intellectuals remained faithful to their craft. They were the purists, earning their living from the creation of their minds and brains; and were not voracious in their financial accretion. In addition, most detested party politics and also loathed serving in government -- especially military government.

The Ivory Towers and associated places, were their home; the place where they were most comfortable and productive. They were mostly poets and playwrights, lawyers and medical doctors, college professors and activists, socialists and communists and left-wing liberals. In some cases, they called themselves Comrades. They came in all shades and colors. They were educated at home and abroad.

The vast majority called the University of Ibadan , the University of Lagos , UNN, and the University of Ife, Benin and the University of Lagos home. Others were at the ABU and UNIPORT. A few others were independent scholars or were associated with Media Houses. Whatever their worldview was, and to whatever school of thought they belonged, they were interesting, inspiring, provocative, hard-hitting and sophisticated.

But beginning in the early 1980s, intellectualism began to take on a different shade and texture. There were new minds in town.  The principal objectives began to change. This noble and august craft began to have different questions, different answers and different meanings.  In a span of ten years, Nigerian-style intellectualism became unrecognizable.

And by the early to late 1990s, the society of Nigerian intellectuals had become mushy, clay-like, adulterated, corruptible, and puerile. It became a laughing stock. Some retained their stellar qualities, but for the most part, the society of Nigerian intellectuals became a pool of nothingness: a shadow of its pious past and now munching off of its past glory.

The intellectual class became as decadent and as rotten as the forces they had opposed for three or more decades. The military co-opted some; the bloody-civilians seduced others with money. The survival strategy employed by the military and the civilians was so effective it weakened the immune and defensive system of the Nigerian intellectual class.

Why and how the intellectual class came to be what it is today? It is hard to tell; it is hard to come up with systemic answers without any kind of empirical studies. Here and how however, a few assumptions can be made. First, the military and their civilian counterpart were determined in their pursuit of the “enemies’” Achilles heels. They begged and cajoled; and wherever possible, offered inducements in the form of money, political appointments, overseas engagements, and phony think tanks.

In the end, this group of intellectuals simply rationalized their involvement by saying “it was better to fight from the inside than to be perpetual outsiders.” The belief here is that “change can only be effected from inside.” But we know of Nigeria that no body that ever went in came out unblemished. The Nigerian system has a way of messing with ones soul and humanity. Once you go in, you can never return a saint.

Second, the strong-willed were threatened, blackmailed and prosecuted on fake criminal charges, persecuted, forced into exile, and or got fired or demoted in their place of work. After several years of government brutality and criminality, some gave up the good fight and simply went into exile. This account for why, in virtually all universities and research organizations in the world, there are Nigerians (mostly with clipped wings and mellowed disposition).

Those who dreaded life in exile -- and refusing to compromise their integrity -- simply gave up the good fight; faded away and died a slow mental and spiritual death. In the third instance are the Black and despicable sheep: the wannabes, the fakes, and the bojuboju akowe. Unhappily, the membership of this group exploded when the Nigerian universities and the larger society was almost emptied of the first rates. It is why today, there are few bona fide intellectuals left in Nigeria .

Since the tail-end of the 1990s, the Nigerian intellectual class has consisted mostly of domestic and foreign government agents; political prostitutes; loud-mouths, contractors, academic-thugs, cross-dressers and Aba traders, and handout photo-copyists. The end goal of this class is money and political power. Their brand of intellectualism is mostly what Nigeria is all about today: all around poverty and idiocy.

To be relevant in today’s Nigeria , you may have to be a thief, an egregious liar, a thug, a cultist and a kidnapper. A child born within the last seventeen years may find it hard to believe that in the early and middle stages of our Republic, Nigeria boasted a sea of eminent jurists and medical doctors, diplomats and policy wonks, artists, teachers and university professors and those who took philosophy and the art of thinking seriously.

To say that intellectual pursuit is a dying art in Nigeria is not an exaggeration. There is a price to be paid for silence and cowardice in the face of oppression and injustice. In the same vein, there is a price to be paid by any nation or society that does not encourage intellectualism or intellectual pursuit. Such a society may regress, become stagnant, or spend all her years and resources imitating fluff from other parts of the world. Isn’t that what Nigeria is becoming?

That Nigeria can return to its vibrant past is not in question. What is in question are two significant questions: first, whether Nigeria has the political will to do so; and second, whether Nigeria hasn’t gone too far and too deep into the abyss for such a reversal, without incurring monumental and prohibitive cost.

Sabidde@yahoo.com

Robot  # 1 | 01.09.2008 01:38

To be relevant in today’...Read the full article.

Agidimolaja  # 2 | 01.09.2008 02:42

Endangered species

philipikita  # 3 | 01.09.2008 02:43

GREAT OBSERVATION AND POSITION SABELLA. In the 1970s, intellectuallism witnessed a rise. Scholarship in Nigeria pushed for alternative ideas...it was these alternative intellectual ideology that drove Murtala Muhammed's Africa-view and policy. Murtala's government actions were dictated by Nigerian intellectuals based in Nigeria. OBJ was it that stopped the rise of intellectuallism by ensuring a strategic decimation of anything that will banish ignorance, IBB was to later build on that, again, OBJ arrived to deepen the rot further. No alternative thinking/ideology is going on today. Economics scholarship has been reduced to the study of capitalism; the scholarship of politics has been reduced to the study of western democracy . Every thinking and action of government today is a caricature of what Western political and financial institutions (World Bank, IMF, USAID, DFID)dictate: Public-private-partnership, private sector driven growth/development, good governance bla bla. They seize up slogans and make more noise than the people who initiated these slogans. Governments constantly bring together intellectuals to brainstorm on issues, most of the policies of the western governments are based on intelectual inputs of their academics. Here, it is charlatans in the PDP and Corporate Nigeria that posses the best ideologies, because they can caricature the west! What a shame.

Austin  # 4 | 01.09.2008 03:52

Sabella! Sabella!! How many times I call you? Fear no dey catch you? Abi you don forget that our own Intellectually Profesor UMYA is now his excellency, the president of the federal republic? And have you forgotten that because of hisprofessional calling, he is now a pauper with only $5m in his pre-presidential bank account? Abeg take your time o!:biggrin:

akuluouno  # 5 | 01.09.2008 07:17

Dear SOA, I think you said it all in your last paragraph " That Nigeria can return to its vibrant past is not in question. What is in question are two significant questions: first, whether Nigeria has the political will to do so; and second, whether Nigeria hasn’t gone too far and too deep into the abyss for such a reversal, without incurring monumental and prohibitive cost." I think we have gone too far and deep into the abyss:evil::evil::evil: Regards.

Ewuro  # 6 | 01.09.2008 08:45

=philipikita;4295091425>GREAT OBSERVATION AND POSITION SABELLA. In the 1970s, intellectuallism witnessed a rise. Scholarship in Nigeria pushed for alternative ideas...it was these alternative intellectual ideology that drove Murtala Muhammed's Africa-view and policy. Murtala's government actions were dictated by Nigerian intellectuals based in Nigeria. OBJ was it that stopped the rise of intellectuallism by ensuring a strategic decimation of anything that will banish ignorance, IBB was to later build on that, again, OBJ arrived to deepen the rot further. One of the first things that Murtala Muhammed did was to order a takeover of all Missionary Schools by state goverments. Remember the Missionary schools were the sources of young intellectual minds to be nurtured by the five first generation universities. It was during Murtala short period that highly Intelectual minds in the public service were retired with impunity. Quite a number of those retired had no personal homes to retire to at the time. Long before this, Murtala's profile from the army had been a story of recklessnes, greed, thievery, mass murder, progrom and corruption. He was accused of theft while serving in the Congo. He was the one who led soldiers of Northern Nigeria on a rampage of mass murder of Eastern Nigerian Soldiers and Ibo people. He was the officer who led soldiers to loot the Benin Central Bank. He was the most incompetent military commander who led thousands of soldiers to their death in famous Ogbunike story during the Biafra war He was the director of military signal that gave juicy contracts to Abiola's ITT. He was the head of state that enabled an 80 million Naira telecommunications contract to be turned to 800 million Naira with the same Abiola. The story of intellectual and political corruption has the name Murtala boldy written on it. He was no more saintly than Obasanjo, Buhari, shagari,and others after him.

philipikita  # 7 | 01.09.2008 09:47

=Ewuro;4295091533>One of the first things that Murtala Muhammed did was to order a takeover of all Missionary Schools by state goverments. Remember the Missionary schools were the sources of young intellectual minds to be nurtured by the five first generation universities. It was during Murtala short period that highly Intelectual minds in the public service were retired with impunity. Quite a number of those retired had no personal homes to retire to at the time. Long before this, Murtala's profile from the army had been a story of recklessnes, greed, thievery, mass murder, progrom and corruption. He was accused of theft while serving in the Congo. He was the one who led soldiers of Northern Nigeria on a rampage of mass murder of Eastern Nigerian Soldiers and Ibo people. He was the officer who led soldiers to loot the Benin Central Bank. He was the most incompetent military commander who led thousands of soldiers to their death in famous Ogbunike story during the Biafra war He was the director of military signal that gave juicy contracts to Abiola's ITT. He was the head of state that enabled an 80 million Naira telecommunications contract to be turned to 800 million Naira with the same Abiola. The story of intellectual and political corruption has the name Murtala boldy written on it. He was no more saintly than Obasanjo, Buhari, shagari,and others after him. Hey Ewuro: Your points are appreciated. Except for the take over of mission schools which was by the Gowon regime and not Murtala's. I was not in anyway trying to make Murtala "perfect" or any more "saintly" than other leaders. I guess I was referring in particular to the anti-imperialist, Africa-centered foreign policy which was a bold and significant alternative.

Ewuro  # 8 | 01.09.2008 10:51

=philipikita;4295091553>Hey Ewuro: Your points are appreciated. Except for the take over of mission schools which was by the Gowon regime and not Murtala's. I was not in anyway trying to make Murtala "perfect" or any more "saintly" than other leaders. I guess I was referring in particular to the anti-imperialist, Africa-centered foreign policy which was a bold and significant alternative. I wrote my school Certificate examinations in 1973. I was in a famous secondary school in Lagos. We paid school fees throughout. I was never in a government school.My junior brother went to a similar school. He was in school when they were taken over in 1975, after Gowon was overthrown. I am 100% confident that the schools were taken over during the tenure of a Late Shamsudeen Adekunle Lawal, the naval officer governor of lagos at the time. His predecessor Mobolaji Johnson, the first lagos governor never took over schools. That was under Gowon. The schools were taken over because of the perception of the Muslims that the highly attractive christain schools were using the schools to convert muslim children to christains. It was one of the Murtala and Northern agenda to Islamise Nigeria.

Chief Kalu  # 9 | 01.09.2008 11:42

We have a seeming hopeless situation in our hands.We were part of a generation that studied to pass exams.Today you will hear that you do not read to pass exams anymore. It is sad.And we are sinking deeper and deeper into the mire. We have compltetely lost it.I am afraid if there will be salvation in the near future. It aches the heart. We can only weep for our children, unless we all have to relocate to other lands.

philipikita  # 10 | 01.09.2008 12:44

=Ewuro;4295091573>I wrote my school Certificate examinations in 1973. I was in a famous secondary school in Lagos. We paid school fees throughout. I was never in a government school.My junior brother went to a similar school. He was in school when they were taken over in 1975, after Gowon was overthrown. I am 100% confident that the schools were taken over during the tenure of a Late Shamsudeen Adekunle Lawal, the naval officer governor of lagos at the time. His predecessor Mobolaji Johnson, the first lagos governor never took over schools. That was under Gowon. The schools were taken over because of the perception of the Muslims that the highly attractive christain schools were using the schools to convert muslim children to christains. It was one of the Murtala and Northern agenda to Islamise Nigeria. Well, Ewuro...I cannot say. I was 5 years old in 1976. All I can say is that I was in a forum in 1999 when some clerics (in Jos) accused Gowon of taking over mission schools. Gowon was there, he put up a frantic defence that it was with good intentions, the policy only derailed...Before being physicaly at this forum, my father had accused Gowon of the same thing...may be the takeover started from the north...

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