A critical appraisal of modern Africa by both Eurocentric and Afrocentric scholars reveals several factors as to why the continent is the way it is after several years of independence. Both perspectives, in spite of the occasional optimism, agree that the continent is mostly stagnant: undeveloped in some areas, underdeveloped in others and plagued by disorder, poverty, and volatility in all areas. Even for Africans, the continent is a continuous body of complexities and complications and of almost impenetrable landscape. Why Africa is the way it is has been a subject of empirical and systematic studies by scholars (at least) since 1957 when the African Studies Association came into being. After all these years, the continent is still the playground for domestic and international forces whose reasons for being, it seems, are exploitation, thievery, and conquest.

The African continent nags and confounds in spite of the “causes, effects, and roadmaps” that has been propagated and submitted by different schools, scholars and institutions. From Marxism to Modernization and from Dependency to other systems of thought that are cogent or feeble, palpably silly or condescending -- hypotheses about Africa abound. There are commentators who believe it is impossible to understand Africa without having a deep understanding of the suffering and calamities wrought by slavery and colonialism. When condensed, their thinking is that without slavery and colonialism -- Africa, with all its kingdoms, empires, and city states -- would have gone on to become a thriving and dominant civilization.

These scholars and commentators point to the residual effects of slavery and colonialism as some of the psychological and physical hindrances that continues to wreck havoc on the continent and its people. Nonetheless, recent philosophy and accepted wisdom is that Africa has had time to correct most of the imbalances that have come to characterize it instead of continually playing victim -- whining and using slavery and colonialism as a cop-out for its weaknesses, excesses and foibles. Africa, it is averred, is not a peculiar continent: everything that has ever happened there has happened somewhere else: wars, slavery, colonialism, natural or man-made disasters, ethnic conflicts, corruption, etc. While others are putting their houses in order, Africa seems adrift. Hopeless.

And so one wonders what the world -- especially those who participated in the inglorious Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 -- owe the continent if slavery and colonialism are the starting point of Africa’s debacles? Also, one must wonder as Roel Van Der Veen wondered in What Went Wrong With Africa and ask “why, despite the rising prosperity elsewhere in the world and widespread changes that took place on the continent itself, Africa failed to break free of poverty” and other fetidities. The answers are not limited to weak institutions and the crisis of governance, the enmity between the government and the governed, the inability to draw lines between public and private goods, and the sheer stupidity and low self-esteem of African leaders.

The point here is not to reduce the continent’s crippling challenges and self-immolating tendencies to a few choice words or even sound bites. Moreover, it is not the aim of this treatise to ignore or minimize the injurious and predatory role exogenous factors and concerns have played in the life of the continent. Still, one must ask: “Does the World Owe Africa?” What must the world do to bring Africa out of its doldrums? Such a question can not be exhaustively treated here. One can only try; and others must join the debate. Therefore, consequential and time-stamped dialogue is needed if we are to find our ways out of the current rut. I am not sold on foreign intervention in Africa’s domestic affairs, but this is one of those times when the West must work in concert with the people of Africa to effect changes.

For instance, London, Paris, and the White House know the right people and the right groups to work with in order to effect these changes. Until now, they have principally collaborated, cooperated, and coordinated their efforts with parasites and leeches. Their approach may have been useful and beneficial during the Cold War era; and indeed, it may have served them right in a capitalist environment. But in today’s world -- more so into the future -- their method of operation will be very costly and destabilizing. In order words, if nothing is done to arrest the African-malignancy, the West itself will not escape the foul winds blowing from the Indian and Atlantic Oceans and from the Mediterranean Sea. The continent’s social, economic and political problems will be theirs to sort out.

In a globalizing and borderless world, how long does the western society think it will be before the core and color and composition of their societies change drastically? What’s to be done by the West? First, a series of steps needs to be taken: (1) not to allow funds from African elites and ruling class to be deposited in their financial institutions and also to  not allow any kind of investments i.e. in real estate and the stock markets; (2) not to allow African leaders, along with their proxies and family members, from receiving medical treatments in their hospitals; (3) not to allow the children of these leaders and the elites to come to the West for training or university education; (4) except for meetings at such places as the United Nations, to decline all visa applications by African leaders, their ministers and governors and immediate family members; and (5) allow Africans to access western courts so African leaders can be sued when war crimes and crimes against humanity are committed.

At the very least, the aforesaid steps need to be taken by Western Governments if the African-malignancy is to be arrested. That is the least the West can do for Africa. It is what the West and the world owe Africa. Not aids. Not handouts. Not loans. What the world and the West owe Africans is simple: stop Africans leaders and the elite’ access to your educational, health and financial institutions. Their assets should be confiscated and returned in a future date when a responsive and responsible government is in place. In addition, for the next twenty-five years, give the average Africans access to your courts to enable them sue their leaders for crimes against humanity.

In a country like Nigeria, the ruling elites, along with their friends and family members have ways of stealing and depositing their loots in western banks without fear of prosecution at home or abroad. In the same country, medical facilities are not fit for human consumption. It is why the President and his Ministers fly to Germany and other western nations to get treatment for the common cold and flu. As rich as Nigeria is, the country does not have a first-rate trauma center; the vast majority of its citizens do not have access to quality medical care. In a literate world, the Nigerian government tacitly approves and condones illiteracy by their attitude towards education. Students are housed in dilapidated buildings with outdated infrastructures when their leaders and their family members have the luxury of quality education and first-rate healthcare in the West.The United States and her allies must stop behaving as though there is nothing wrong with Nigeria and with the African continent. You cannot turn blind eyes to those who continue to steal our resources and bring them to your countries. By your actions and inactions you encourage theft and all kinds of dishonesty. You encourage antidemocratic behaviors; you wholeheartedly encourage the illegal trading of dreams, hopes and aspirations. But most of all, you encourage the underdevelopment of a whole group of people and their land. What does the world owe Africa? Simple: help us put a stop to the bastardization of our land before it is too late. Let unconscionable African leaders and the elites roast and rotten in the inhumane conditions they have created.

Robot  Villager

# 1 A critical appraisal of modern Africa by both Eurocentric and Afrocentric scholars...Read the full article. Posted by Robot| 24.06.2008 14:39

fxo  Villager

# 2 What about Robert Mugabe? Why are Africans doing nothing, to stop him from starving his people to death? Why has he been allowed to make us look barbaric and incapable of decent behavior? Lets not continue to defend the indefensible. Slavery and Colonialism is not restricted to Africa's past. Africa was not paradise before colonialism. Posted by fxo| 24.06.2008 16:41

emenanjo  Villager

# 3 Our destiny lies in our own hands. The west can only take us serious when we take our concrete destinies into our hands. Apart from that, they are only after big and large markets. The double-standards of the West in African and world affairs are well documented by scholars. Today, they want democracy in Zimbabwe, what did the West do to help us {Nigerians} actualize the June 12, 1993 election? What about the complicity of the USA in Abiola's death, the mistery death of a man who won a clean, free and fair election? My broda, just forget this people! Posted by emenanjo| 24.06.2008 17:37

wolvrine  Villager

# 4 I understand Sabella's sentiments - they've been expressed by various other writers for some years now, and it's all beginning to sound a bit old hat to me. I agree with those who say we should stop demanding "the West" and "the developed world" should right the wrongs done to us... That said, it's not actually the gist of the article, but it's implied by the title (so maybe Sabella should consider re-titling it). I beg to disagree with some of the sactions recommended - a blanket ban on public officials' (and family, friends, casual acquaintances, anyone who managed to get oga's signature on their papers... haba!) access to healthcare and educational opportunities abroad is not right. Everyone (except Mugabe and Idi Amin, etc.) has a right to medical treatment and educational opportunities where they can afford it. Even prisoners get medical treatment (except in Naija). A better proposal may be to get those officials to pay for treatment abroad themselves... but then, while "in service to the nation", the nation is expected to take care of them, so where does that leave us? We've to clean up our house ourselves. Final word - article's too wordy. Naija, eschew profundity (a-ha!). My eyes glaze over whenever I come across more than two words with 4 - 5 syllables in one sentence. Biko. Ejo. Du'Allah. Posted by wolvrine| 24.06.2008 21:38

fxo  Villager

# 5 =emenanjo;4295060190>Our destiny lies in our own hands. The west can only take us serious when we take our concrete destinies into our hands. Apart from that, they are only after big and large markets. The double-standards of the West in African and world affairs are well documented by scholars. Today, they want democracy in Zimbabwe, what did the West do to help us {Nigerians} actualize the June 12, 1993 election? What about the complicity of the USA in Abiola's death, the mistery death of a man who won a clean, free and fair election? My broda, just forget this people! There is no direct parallel between June 12 and the present situation in Zimbabwe. Mugabe is harming his country and the reputation of Africans and African leaders are too dishonest to tell him the truth to his face. It is not just about wanting democracy in Zimbabwe its about doing what is decent and humane. You keep saying 'west' this 'west' that, what are Africans doing. Mbeki can do something, South Africa can shutdown Mugabe Diplomatically, Economical, Militarily even more than US or UK or EU. But he seats on the sideline and watch the decimation of a once promising society . Posted by fxo| 25.06.2008 03:17

Abujaboy  Villager

# 6 The USA had no complicity in Abiola's death. Posted by Abujaboy| 25.06.2008 06:19

Oru-Ama  Villager

# 7 =Abujaboy;4295060364>The USA had no complicity in Abiola's death. I think I agree with you. It was not the U.S.A that annuled the election, neither was it U.S that served Abiola tea shortly before he died. Nigerians know who killed Abiola. Ah! even the killers themselves know that Nigerians know them. They are also aware that they have the blood of Abiola on their hands. Posted by Oru-Ama| 25.06.2008 06:52

k k kazinsky  In Purgatory

# 8 I still think it was a grave mistake to grant Africans self rule when clearly they were neither ready nor capable of such task. The late Ian Smith probably got it right when he suggested a period of 1,000 years before Africans are capable of self rule. When I look around the entire continent all I see is failure after failure and incompetence of epic magnitude.Infact the entire continent is an embodiment of palpable misery never before seen in human civilization and with no end in sight. Not just Zimbabwe,but Nigeria with all it's resources laid to waste for a better part of the last 60 years,Senegal, Niger, Cameroon with it's one man dictatorship ala Biya, Guinea isn't anywhere on the radar screen.You just name it. I think a viable solution to Africa's malaise is just to divide the whole continent into sections and have the United Nations appoint trustees to stem this deplorable human misery.Short of this drastic measure,there is no end in sight. Posted by k k kazinsky| 25.06.2008 10:57

Lovenest  Villager

# 9 =Abujaboy;4295060364>The USA had no complicity in Abiola's death. Tell that tale to the marines! Posted by Lovenest| 25.06.2008 12:27

Lovenest  Villager

# 10 =Oru-Ama;4295060377>I think I agree with you. It was not the U.S.A that annuled the election, neither was it U.S that served Abiola tea shortly before he died. Nigerians know who killed Abiola. Ah! even the killers themselves know that Nigerians know them. They are also aware that they have the blood of Abiola on their hands. Oru-Ama, Where were you resident between June 1993 and 1998, in Nigeria or the safety "suburbia" of the USA? If in the USA, I don't blame you for this your response and, thanks for nothing. Posted by Lovenest| 25.06.2008 12:52

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