04

Jul

2009

Africa Soldiers; How Africa Saved Europe, During World Wars PDF Print E-mail
By Paul Adujie
Africa Soldiers; How Africa Saved Europe, During World Wars

Written by Paul I. Adujie

New York, United States


This is part of the world’s untold and sparsely documented history. It is how Africa saved the world over and over again. Africa was compelled and conscripted to fight the economic and social strife for America and Europe and thereby gave America and Europe the breathing space and freedom at industrialization.

There are phases and stages in these processes. First, it was the horrors and brutalities of the enslavement of Africans which provided free unpaid labor for the homes and fields of Americans and Europeans; thus, enabling Americans and Europeans to cultivate large expanses of lands in plantations forms. Cash crops in the fields and animal husbandries in large scale and the production of lard, created a wealth base for slave owners.

A second wave of horrors and brutalities came in the form of colonialism. Colonialism meant the usurpation of economic, political, cultural, linguistic and religious flora and fauna of native peoples, particularly, Africans. Colonialism meant the cannibalizations and stripping off of all tangibles and intangibles of Africa, for the upkeep and maintenance and for the sole purpose of preserving the home countries of the colonizers at the expense of the colonized African peoples.

Then there were the World Wars, I and II. During which Africans were hauled off their homeland once again, to bear the burdens of the crises in Europe for which Africans had no part or role in creating in the first place! The Europeans created World Wars, for their own purpose and for the tribal superiority dance between themselves, these in no way benefited African or have Africans in the conception or contemplation. However Africa became a tool of the execution and implementation of policies during these World Wars. Africa, innocent in all these, in effect, saved the Americans and Europeans from themselves during World Wars; this is a story of Africa’s unsung acted as catalysts, impetus for world peace, in facilitating the war efforts and bringing those wars to successful conclusions.

Quite unfortunately though, Africans have never been recognized for their heroic efforts during these wars in lands strange and far away from the lands of Africans who fought to extricate Europeans.

Every year on June 6, since 1945, Americans and Europeans celebrate the end of the Second World War and the celebrations are loud and offensive to me. The mere mention of these celebrations is offensive to me as it demonstrates and exemplifies the very reason why the world may yet head for another World War! The complete disregard and disrespect of others’ work, contributions and sufferings.

Three members of my family were conscripted to fight in the World War II. And, so were many other African families. There is so much that is wrong with this. First, it is that, Africans had nothing whatsoever to do with precipitating World Wars. Secondly, it should be mentioned that even being forced to eat your favorite food is not pleasant, then imagine being forced or conscripted to fight wars for which you played no role in creating and no benefit in its outcome, a war in which you are required to make supreme sacrifice, unlike your American or European counterparts, whose real interest is represented in the World Wars brutalities.

Thirdly, the foot-soldiers, Africans, Americans and Europeans soldiers, at the warfronts were told that they were fighting to liberate Europeans who were being subjugated and put in bondage by Adolf Hitler, meanwhile, continental Africans and peoples of African descent, were under even more severe, brutal and most egregious bondage in Africa and elsewhere in the world! For instance, African American soldiers during the World Wars had less rights compared with Germans who were taken as war prisoners by the Americans. African Americans returned to America to face the continued and abundant brutalities of discrimination, segregation and racism in America.

Fourthly, continental Africans who fought the World Wars through conscription by Europeans colonial governments received the rawest of the deals. Continental Africans played no roles in creating the World Wars. Continental Africans were forced, conscripted into the fight for the freedoms of Europeans during a time when Africans themselves were under colonial bondage, subjugation and brutal domination by the same European governments who have usurped the political and economic powers of continental Africans, while compelling same Africans to fight for the freedoms of Europeans who self-inflict the World Wars!

Fifthly, in all of these, after sixty years of lavish annual celebrations, there has so far never been a moment of recognition for the bravery of African soldiers who were conscripted and compelled into the fight to save Europeans from fellow Europeans, save them from themselves, while Africans remained in bondage!

I was certain at some point that Mr. Kofi Annan, as United Nations’ Secretary General, would bring this gallant role by African soldiers, who were mere tools of the Americans and Europeans in their World Wars would finally be recognized. But it never happened. And now, Mr. Obama just went to Normandy and before that, Nuremberg, expressing grief over Europeans’ brutalities and murderous imbecility by Europeans against fellow Europeans. Mr. Obama expressed solidarity with Europe and sung praises of America’s storied rescue of Europe from the World Wars which Europe had wrought upon itself!

Mr. Obama is a very good student of American history. Mr. Obama is very urbane and knowledgeable. I will have to assume that he is also a student of world history, and that leaves me to wonder when he will mourn over slavery and colonialism public, the way he has publicly and profusely mourned over Jewish suffering through the Holocaust. Beyond Mr. Obama’s speech on race during the American election campaign which brought him to power as US president, I am yet to see Mr. Obama bring his storied eloquence and rhetorical flourishes to issues of historical injustices, slavery, colonialism, treatment of African soldiers in World War II, and the complete neglect of these unsung heroes which African soldiers are, the other buffalo soldiers of World Wars! I am certain that Mr. Obama is not selectively eloquent and speechifying gifted, when matters are not of Africans and peoples of African descent! If he is afraid to take a stand for us, because he does not want to offend others or rock the boat; do we then really need him? Apart from symbolism, what is then, our gain or progress in his ascent?

Mr. Obama’s recent Normandy performance with Nicholas Sarkozy of France at his side, makes me wonder whether there is ever going to be a time in my lifetime in which a sitting American president and leaders in the Europe, as well as leaders at the United Nations would set aside bigotry and finally extol the roles and contributions of African soldiers in liberating Europeans from bondage created by other Europeans.

It is public knowledge for instance, how some Americans rebuked France for disagreeing with Mr. George W. Bush’s invasion and occupation of Iraq, in rebuking France, these Americans argued that France was ungrateful and forgetful of roles Americans played in liberating France from Adolf Hitler’s siege.

Meanwhile, France, Britain or America has never expended even a few seconds to recognize roles played by Africans in these liberation efforts! If anyone reading this was to argue that the roles played by Africans were ever so slightly relevant to the war efforts or that it was insubstantially insignificant and infinitesimal, why, oh why, was it necessary to conscript the Africans in the first place?

Africans have grown accustomed to hearing we have no contributions whatsoever to human civilizations, and no contributions in rescuing the human race from World Wars, and of course, wars which were created by non Africans and not for the benefit of Africans! Africans are happily very Christian simpletons, who are forever forgiving others! Forgiving others, for most egregiously horrendous treatments seemingly reserved for Africans all through history.

Why is it, that Africans are never angry about these things? These complete disregards, disrespects, the stripping of humanity and dignity, deprivations of recognitions for work done, and sundry contributions etc?

Why?



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RobotRobot is offline

 # 1 | 05.07.2009 09:37

Africa Soldiers; How Africa Saved Europe, During World Wars Written by Paul I. Adujie New York, United States This is part of the world’s untold and sparsely documented history. It is how Africa saved the world over and over again. Africa was compelled and conscripted to fight the economic and social strife for America and Europe and thereby gave America and Europe the breathing space and freedom at industrialization. There are phases and stages in these processes. First, it was the horrors and brutalities of the enslavement of Africans which provided free unpaid labor for the homes and fields of Americans and Europeans; thus, enabling Americans and Europeans to cultivate large expanses of lands in plantations forms. Cash crops in the fields and animal husbandries in large scale and the production of lard, created a wealth base for slave owners. A second wave of horrors and brutalities came in the...Read the full article.

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M. AkosaM. Akosa is offline

 # 2 | 05.07.2009 18:20

It is very funny how black Africans and people of African origins in the US and Europe are not seriously in dialogue on the issues of their continued existence, presence and contributions to Europe and America. I mean it is time that it should be taught in schools to our children to understand how black people should be relating to white people, to keep themselves intact from further neo-colonization and slavery.

What happens here is that the Europeans and US are not at all remorseful or feeling any guilt of their continued covert and overt policies of their relationship with people of black African origins, which is nothing but; PICK and CHOOSE; USE and DUMP.
The black Africans as usual are still dumb and stupid about their understanding of their type of relationship with Europe and the USA, which should also be nothing else but; PICK and CHOOSE; USE and DUMP. Citizenships and green cards just mere accesories and piece of travel document.

Sorry for our lost brave warriors who continue to sacrifice their lives for our slave masters in Europe and US.

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I Love NigeriaI Love Nigeria is offline

 # 3 | 05.07.2009 21:34

http://allafrica.com/stories/200906120257.html


http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Africa+Soldiers%3B+How+Africa+Saved+Europe%2C+During+World+Wars+&btnG=Google+Search&aq=f&oq=&aqi=&rlz=1R2GPRE_en
Nigeria: World War 11 and African Veterans
Tayo Agunbiade
11 June 2009

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

opinion

Lagos — It was in an atmosphere of pomp and sobriety that the 65th Anniversary D-Day in Normandy , France was commemorated.

Thousands including world leaders, Presidents Obama and Sarkozy, gathered to pay their respects to the dead as well as honour the ex-service men and women for their courage. Over the years the world war commemoration ceremonies are marked on a note of sober reflection and the veterans are praised for their bravery and for stopping -albeit at a heavy price- the Nazis and Fascists in their tracks and thereby changing the course of history. There is however what can be considered a huge gap in the way the events are highlighted. For the sake of the future generations, the role of African soldiers must be properly documented.

Watching the ceremonies over the years one does not get a sense of the role of African soldiers during the two World Wars. Veterans from the US, Britain and Canada alongside whom African colonial troops also split their blood during the bitter fighting to liberate Europe are revered year in year out for their courage. American and British courage in particular is overwhelmingly documented in various big budget films. Many of the Hollywood stars made their names and fortune by starring in films about the wars.

Unfortunately the Western media hardly picks up on the part played by the African colonial troops in this liberation struggle. The role of the colonial forces is either downplayed or virtually obliterated from the psyche of the international community. It is not unlikely that the textbooks in many of these countries do not included the sacrifices of African soldiers in the liberation of Europe from Nazism, Fascism and the Japanese army in Asia .

To go back in history, we discover that soldiers from the colonies fought alongside the allied forces in both wars. Thousands of men were sourced from the colonies during the First World War. Many were sent to combat units. While serving as front-line infantry it is said that so many died of combat or illness. Similarly thousands were recruited into the Royal West Africa Frontier Force to fight for Britain and France in World War Two. Conscripts from Nigeria , Ghana , Gambia and Sierra Leone totaled about 167,000 from all four colonies. Forced recruitment took place in East Africa too.

According to some reports the colonial troops: "served as the spearhead of assaults on fixed positions and suffered predictably high casualty rates. There was hardly a major offensive in which Africans did not play an important role". The Colonial Federation of French West and Equatorial Africa provided just over 200,000 soldiers to the war effort. Known as Tirailleurs Senegalais they were fully involved in liberation of France . It has been said that Africans were recruited to offset the might of the German troops and sent to the frontlines. This has been interpreted as yet another way in which the resources from the Continent were exploited for the benefit of Europeans. By and large the efforts of the African troops have been underplayed over the years. With the exception of a few monuments erected in a few countries symbolizing the participation in the two World Wars, there is hardly any mention of their input. The common cause they all stood and fought for does not receive a lavish display in the media. There was no reference to colonial troops and their acts of bravery and resilience in the media coverage in the recent commemoration service.

Our Government and History textbooks tell us that the fire for independence was ignited in part from the experiences gained during the WW11. We are told that having fought for and won freedom in far away lands in Europe and Asia , the soldiers returned home and decided to press for freedom on their own homelands. The flames of self-determination and Pan-Africanism were largely lit during this era. Sadly on return from the battle front, many were to be disappointed by the attitudes of the colonial masters towards their gratuities and welfare. One such famous incident led to the Christianborg Crossroads shootings in 1948 in which three ex-service men who went to present a petition to the British Colonial Governor were killed on the orders of a British Superintendent in Ghana (then Gold Coast). Ghana recently remembered the fallen soldiers in a solemn ceremony.

It is very likely that as a result of the lack of official recognition of the African war veterans by the international community, President Abdoulaye Wade of Senegal in 2004 invited veterans, historians and representatives of some 20 African countries as well as France to take part in televised discourse, marches and commemoration activities. At the time President Wade noted that: "The idea is to re-evaluate the role Africa played in bringing peace to the developed world through its participation in two world wars".

It is clear that there needs to be a concerted effort to incorporate the role of African veterans in the two world wars into any of the services and activities being held on European soil. Speaking last week during the service held in honour of the veterans from US, Britain and Canada , President Nicholas Sarkozy said France will "never forget them". The pledge of a permanent memorial in the hearts and minds of the nation should be publicly extended to those who were conscripted from the former colonies and sent to fight a war in far away lands. Beyond the few cenotaphs built in some of the former colonies, the beam light needs to be shone on the lives of the living veterans. Their efforts during the two wars needs to be documented and made available to the public. It is not enough to document and keep away on the shelves for historical purposes. The exemplary efforts of the African veterans should be made public knowledge and be incorporated into school lessons in the educational systems from primary to tertiary levels. Lessons about the Holocaust are part and parcel of classes in the schools. There is no shortage of Museums, exhibitions, films etc to keep the memories alive. A proper and honourable official recognition will also help ordinary citizens to appreciate the true magnitude of the contributions of the colonial troops to the war effort. Commemoration services should be inclusive and invite officials and leaders from former colonies.

Media has a very crucial role here. Films, documentaries, exhibitions etc are major tools to address the gap in the history of the wars. None of the films about the heroic acts during the wars highlight the contributions of the African soldiers. Many of the films tell the story from the perspectives from the allied forces. Others take it from the perspective of the Holocaust. What about a film from the point of view of an African soldier plucked from his homeland into the trenches of Europe and Asia ? We have seen films about slave trade and slavery, heroines during the French resistance, acts of courage of the British, ruthlessness of the Japanese and Germans during the war. Love stories set against the background of wars, stories about returnees from the wars, stories from the colonial era etc are all examples of various ways in which the story can be creatively told to the world. Stories told through the eyes of a veteran soldier is a story worth hearing about. Documentaries are also a powerful way of projecting the African veterans to the world.

The Commonwealth and French authorities owe it to Africa to pay tribute to her sons who lost their lives in the bitter fighting to save Europe and Asia . It is estimated that about 300,000 African conscripts died in both world wars. Britain and France have a duty to ensure the memories and contributions of the African veterans do not remain in the trenches, untold.

Copyright © 2009 This Day. All rights reserved. Distributed by AllAfrica Global Media (allAfrica.com).

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DeepThoughtDeepThought is offline

 # 4 | 05.07.2009 21:42

Pauluuu, Paulluuu,

Thank you for reminding us of the contributions of Black Africans to the liberation of Europe and the fighting of the Hitlerian menace.

The day you direct your energies to criticising our own home grown tyranny, we'll thank you twice as much.

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kalu31kalu31 is offline

 # 5 | 06.07.2009 08:25

Hogwash!

which African Division stormed up the Normandy beaches? which African battalon crossed the Rhine into Berlin? which African unit defended Britian during the Luffwaffe airraids? Which African soldier was in Stalingard or Kurst?

i have heard of Africans in Burma, but did they defend Singapore, did they bayonet charge the Japs in Iwojima?

could it be that as "citizens" of the Crown the black "soldiers" were used as porters and storekeepers? i do know that the Indians fought the Nazi, i have not heard them complain ooh.

in Libya, Tunisia and Egypt where Rommel and Mongomery fought battles on African soil, i cannot find an account of a single African soldier!

the almight USA that actually saved the Europeans did not have intergrated black units, the black were in seperate units and saw limited action, it was later in the war that they did fight, and bravely too, the Tuskagee airmen come to mind.

lets not look for glory where we played no part nor had a choice in the matter, at least the Black citizens joined up to fight in the US Army, we were still colonies of the Crown!

we will soon say we brought down the Berlin wall, common Al Bashir we cannot arrest!

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NamioNamio is offline

 # 6 | 06.07.2009 09:53


=kalu31;369381>Hogwash!

which African Division stormed up the Normandy beaches? which African battalon crossed the Rhine into Berlin? which African unit defended Britian during the Luffwaffe airraids? Which African soldier was in Stalingard or Kurst?

i have heard of Africans in Burma, but did they defend Singapore, did they bayonet charge the Japs in Iwojima?

could it be that as "citizens" of the Crown the black "soldiers" were used as porters and storekeepers? i do know that the Indians fought the Nazi, i have not heard them complain ooh.

in Libya, Tunisia and Egypt where Rommel and Mongomery fought battles on African soil, i cannot find an account of a single African soldier!

the almight USA that actually saved the Europeans did not have intergrated black units, the black were in seperate units and saw limited action, it was later in the war that they did fight, and bravely too, the Tuskagee airmen come to mind.

lets not look for glory where we played no part nor had a choice in the matter, at least the Black citizens joined up to fight in the US Army, we were still colonies of the Crown!

we will soon say we brought down the Berlin wall, common Al Bashir we cannot arrest!



Kalu 31,

I have not read the article itself and I agree that we should consentrate on the present enemies within instead of history. But I think you should do more research before you blatantly deny black Africans' role in those two World wars. Some years ago a Briton came to Harvard to promote that view, the moderator had to step in between us.

If I were a much younger man, I might challenge you to a boxing match. :)

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kalu31kalu31 is offline

 # 7 | 06.07.2009 11:19

my Oga Namio,


i get the impresssion you were in Burma, i am still loyal Sir....

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bobbob is offline

 # 8 | 06.07.2009 11:54


=kalu31;369381>Hogwash!

which African Division stormed up the Normandy beaches? which African battalon crossed the Rhine into Berlin? which African unit defended Britian during the Luffwaffe airraids? Which African soldier was in Stalingard or Kurst?

i have heard of Africans in Burma, but did they defend Singapore, did they bayonet charge the Japs in Iwojima?




as clint eastwood produced his film 'flags of our fathers', spike lee picked a quarrell about the non recognition of the role african american soldiers played in holding and securing the beach head, as special forces, at great price, till the mainforces arrived. they may have played this role not only at iwo jima but all over the pacific theatre and perhaps even at normandy.


i have never heard of the role of continental africans in combat.

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NamioNamio is offline

 # 9 | 06.07.2009 12:23

Support for the war effort

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1624_story_of_africa/page12.shtml

African men on the march

Many people in Africa had only the vaguest understanding of what the First World War was about. Certainly the reasons for it were not easy to understand. It was triggered by the assassination of Arch Duke Ferdinand of Serbia, and in Europe, people thought it would be all over by Christmas of 1914.

Without the cooperation of local leaders and chiefs, European powers would not have been able to raise the troops and carriers they needed, and some chiefs were very willing to help.

"This is one of the most important services that I have done for the peace of the protecting government and for the peace of the whole world. A war against Britain was a war against Buganda, and so, when I was appointed to lead some soldiers, I at once left for Kampala with 5,000 men. There I was told not to go to the battlefield at once, but to wait in my country and do as I was directed. While waiting, these are some of the things I did:

a) I did all I could to recruit men for the armies.
b) I sent in a lot of carriers.
c) I very much encouraged the growing of food.
d) I encouraged further the growing of cotton.
e) Because I very much wanted peace I tried my best to get into contact with the British armies for I did not want the enemy to get to our city London."
- The Record of My Service by Buganda chief Samwiri Mukasa.

In Nigeria, there was a general rallying round among urban educated Nigerians. Speeches were made and money collected.

"Our kith and kin have gone to fight in our stead, and it is only right that we should give them all the support necessary... Ingratitude is the greatest reproach that could be flung at a native, and I therefore urge upon all to contribute their quota to this national fund so that it might not be said we are ungrateful to the British Government for many benefits conferred." - Dr. Obasa, described in West Africa magazine as the "well-known Lagos public man," speaking at a meeting of chiefs at Glover Memorial Hall, Lagos.

Recruitment


People were recruited in a number of ways. One was through a direct appeal for volunteers. This happened first in Egypt, where peasants were attracted by the wages offered.

Another was recruitment through chiefs. The British enlisted the help of chiefs and left them to find the men however they could. Although officially nobody was supposed to be forced into signing up, inevitably they were.

"We came back one night from our yam farm. The chief called us and handed us over to a government messenger. I didn't know where we were going, but the chief and the messenger said that the white man had sent for us and we must go. After three days we reached the white man's compound.

Plenty of others had arrived from other villages far away. And the white man wrote our names in a book. And tied a brass numbered ticket round our necks and gave each man a blanket and food.

Then he told us we were going to the Great War to help the king's soldiers who were preventing the Germans coming to our country and burning it. We left and marched far into the bush. The government police led the way and allowed no man to stop behind." - A first-hand account of what it was like to be recruited. As told by No.1475, a carrier who was recruited in 1914. Quoted in The African Contribution to the Second World War.

There was also forced recruitment. This happened under the British in northern Rhodesia. In the Congo, the Belgians forced 260,000 men to be porters carrying soldiers, equipment and provisions.


Listen
A porter recalls being sent to the war

Conscription


Men were also conscripted. In 1912, the French set about creating a permanent black army. There was compulsory military service for all African males. After the outbreak of the war, 14,785 troops were signed up in West Africa. Then in 1915-16, 50,000 more were recruited through chiefs.

African troops under French command were combatant. The 'tirailleurs' in charge of artillery, with their distinctive red fezes, were famous. In 1918, Blaise Diagne, the Senegalese politician and the first African Deputy in the French Chamber of Deputies, was appointed High Commissioner of Recruitment of black troops.

In East Africa, the British instituted a compulsory service order in 1915 covering all males aged 18-45. This was extended to the Uganda Protectorate in April 1917.

The First World War: in action



The First World War gave rise to a crucial change in the relationship between Europe and Africa. Over two million people in Africa made huge sacrifices for the European Allies. 100,000 men died in East Africa and 65,000 men from French North Africa and French West Africa lost their lives.

Not since the American War of Independence, when 14,000 slaves and freemen fought as black loyalists alongside the British, had such a huge number of people of African descent been involved in fighting for Europeans. Very few were combatant, most of them were used as porters. They were recruited to carry heavy weapons and supplies. They were badly paid and given food which was either of poor quality or entirely foreign to them. While travelling through new territories for them, they often fell sick and were affected by different types of malaria.

Theatres of war


On the continent of Africa, there was action along the coast. In the West and South the Allies attacked Germany's African ports. They attacked Lome (in Togo), Douala (in Cameroun), Swakopmund and Luderitz Bay (in South West Africa).

In the East, German-held Dar Es Salaam was bombarded. In the North, the main concern of the British was to safeguard the Suez Canal.

German South West Africa was brought under allied control in the first few months. Cameroon took longer to capture. The East Africa campaign took even longer, with the Germans led by brilliant German General von Lettow-Vorbeck. African troops from French West Africa saw action in Western Europe, but the British never took African soldiers out of the continent.

Mutinies and uprisings


Where there were political tensions and frustrations the war only made them worse. In Nysaland (now modern Malawi), the American-trained missionary John Chilembwe led an uprising. It was religious as well as anti-colonial in character. Importantly, it was triggered by the high level of forced military recruitment of Nysas, many of whom were subsequently killed in large numbers in the first few weeks of fighting.

Further south, a number of Afrikaners, sympathetic to Germany and hostile to the Allies, tried to raise an armed rebellion. This was put down by the British educated Afrikaner leader General Smuts, who went on to play a key military role against the Germans in the First World War and in the settlement afterwards.

In the Niger Delta, Farrick Braide, also known as Elijah II, preached that the beginning of the First World War marked the end of British rule.

In Kenya, the Mumbo cult rejected Christianity and predicted Europeans would disappear from the African continent. Resistance to taxation also continued throughout the war, as in Yorubaland where there were riots in 1916.

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I Love NigeriaI Love Nigeria is offline

 # 10 | 06.07.2009 13:31

Kalu31 You and anyone who bothered to read the present article and the accompanying one culled from ThisDay newspapers.... could not have made the comments which you made above.

Increasingly these day, it takes people like you, to say, that Africa and Africans have done nothing and contributed nothing to the world... even despite available and independent evidence which contradicts your assertions above.

I continue to wonder why some Africans have cultivated this sad mindset?

You know how it is said that, to the naive and undiscerning, ignorance is bliss? especially, persons who are willfully ignorant despite abundant information.

AND, thanks to Namio there is now a source up there, not from me, or ThisDay, mere Nigerians!
 

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