Each of us is part of communities and is inseparable from his communities. The communities one belongs in shape one. Ones personality cannot be understood apart from ones community.

 Would you speak, have language skill, if there were no other human beings to speak to? If the answer is no then speech is a social variable. But we also know that speech is a biological variable, don’t we know that? The specific configuration of the human nervous system, the brain, makes speech possible.

 Where does biology end and society begin in influencing human behavior? You figure that one out for all of us and let us know the answer.

 To understand me I had to understand my biological make up, my social experience and my unique cognitive (mentational) processes.

 My social constituents include my significant others: my father, mother, siblings, peer groups and the Igbo family. I am a very proud Igbo man; I would not have it any other way.

 You and I have taken a journey in understanding these social forces that shaped me. My hope is that you, too, endeavor to understand the social and biological forces that shaped you. As Aristotle observed, an unexamined life does not seem worth living.

 I think that a person who does not understand himself and does not understand why he does what he does is not really alive; such a person, in my opinion, is an animal; like cattle he grazes grass unmindful of the forces that drive him.

 In my view, Africans tend not to struggle to understand themselves but merely exist like animals. I believe that Africans apparent lack of productivity and creativity is largely explained by their tendency to not struggle to understand themselves. I do not believe that there are differences in the various races intelligence.

  Since I have already summarized what I learned about my primary group, Igbos, let me end the year by summarizing what I know about me. I do so not because I am particularly exhibitionistic (narcissistic) and seek your attention (as if you are voyeuristic and want to look into me and know me) but to enable you to do the same and come to understand who you are. I want you, an African, to understand you. I believe that if you understand you that you would be more productive than you currently are.

 There are over 100, 000 genes in each human being’s body and, at least, one percent of those are problematic. Thus, each human being inherited some biological disorders and it pays him to understand them.

 I was born with two physical disorders: mitral valve prolapse and spondilolysis. These disorders were apparent from the get go of my life. As a child when I tried participating in sports my heart pounded as if it wanted to fall out of its chest cavity. Medical examination showed that I have heart murmur (this is the popular name for mitral valve prolapse). In mitral valve prolapse, one of the valves in the child’s heart is weak and sudden exercises tend to affect the flow of blood from one chamber of the heart to the other hence the panting I talked about.

 At sports I felt my waist region weak and pained. Occasionally, I felt burning sensation in my legs. At age five I recall feeling my entire body on fire and had to jump into a pool of water in a childish attempt to cool my inflamed body.

 I was lucky to be born at Lagos ( Massey Maternity Hospital) and to have parents who, for Africans, were relatively well informed. My parents took me to the hospital for thorough examination. The doctors diagnosed Spondilolysis, a weakness of the fifth lumber vertebrae that upon exercise stresses the space between the vertebrae hence allow electricity to sip out of the spine…the bony vertebra ordinarily protects us from awareness of the electrical movement in our spine…hence the burning sensation that I mentioned.

 I have lived with those two disorders all my life (as my father and grandfather before me did).

 In the meantime, when I exercise, I feel physically over challenged. I still competed in sports (I ran competitively at secondary school and at the University). At present I run five miles every other morning; swim, weight lift and ride my bicycle etc. I do not permit physical disorders to hold me down.

 However, physical disorders do leave folk with psychological issues. As a child I felt excruciatingly inferior to other boys, to the boys who did well at sports. I felt inadequate.

 As a boy I felt like there was something the matter with me. I felt that if other folk came close to me that they would see that I was not good enough. In a word, I was a shy, introverted and introspective kid.

 (Hans Esyenck's main contribution to psychology is his study of Carl Jung’s concepts of introversion and extroversion and showing their biological correlations. The shy, quiet child, Eysenck showed, was actually internally over stimulated hence his anxiety and that in an effort to reduce his stimulation he tends to avoid more stimulation, hence avoid people and their noise making. Jerome Kegan, at Harvard, has since demonstrated beyond doubt that shyness is biological in origin, for one day old children who are going to be shy can be so observed. Temperament is inherited. The shy child’s free floating anxiety is biological in etiology, due to certain biochemical process, which today we know as perhaps less GABA (neurotransmitter) in his GABA nerve receptors, and or more acetylcholine. On the other hand, the extraverted person is less physiologically stimulated and tends to seek external thrills and excitement in an effort to stimulate his body. His dare devil life style is largely due to his under aroused body; he is trying to arouse his body. Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD, are disruptive of classrooms but, in fact, are physically under aroused and are trying to arouse themselves through their intense physical activities. We treat such children with psychostimulants, such as Ritalin, for those have paradoxical effect on them: calm them down. I will endeavor to avoid employment of technical language, although I am tempted to do so, for this writing is for the general public.)

 A shy kid feels that he is not good enough and that if people come close to him that they would see that he is not good enough and rejects him. He does not want to be rejected. To avoid rejection he keeps to himself. In social withdrawal he retains a semblance of good self esteem.

 The psychological name for shyness is avoidant personality. I have taken every personality test there is to take, such as Minnesota Multiphasic Inventory, MMPI, California Personality Inventory, CPI etc, and they all say the same thing about me.

 (I encourage you to take these personality tests; they help folk come to understand their personality types. Most people are normal folk but with elevation in certain scales, For example, black folk, in general, tend to have elevation in paranoia and mania scales.)

Whereas, I was feeling physically inferior to other kids I noticed that I was very good at school work. Without boasting, let me just say that I was better than most kids at my school. I recall my standard six teacher, Mr. Ajayi, coming to my parents to ask what they were going to do with “Our Tommy” (as every body called me). He told them that I knew the answers to most of his questions. He insisted on my parents finding ways to enrich my studies. One of the things folk did was to take me to Lagos central library at Broad Street where I discovered the habit of reading books.  

 For our present purposes, the salient point is that I became aware that while I was inferior in physical matters that I was superior in intellectual matters. In effect, I simultaneously felt inferior and superior.

 Alfred Adler called this phenomenon neurosis. A neurotic feels inferior and compensates with drive to seem superior. He knows that he is not superior to other people but he has an inner pressure to seem superior to other people. The neurotic has an all or nothing approach to life: he wants to be all good and not bad. He feels devastated if he were to seem bad. He has to be first in his class or he feels that he is nothing important. See Alfred Adler. The Neurotic Constitution (1910) in the Collected Works of Alfred Adler. San Francisco, CA. Alfred Adler Institute.

 Here is how it worked in my situation. Most kids would be happy with a B grade but such a grade made me feel like I was a failure. I was devastated to have anything but perfect grade. Moreover, because I felt physically not good enough I desired becoming physically ideal (I exercise like I am driven to do so; a pound of extra flesh makes me unhappy). I pursue ideals. I am an idealist, my mind seeks ways to make me ideal, make other people ideal, make social institutions ideal and make the world ideal. I quest for perfection. Nothing, as it is, is good enough for me.

 Karen Horney defines neurosis as the pursuit of ideal self and perfect everything; a neurotic is discontent with anything that does not seem ideal and perfect. See Karen Horney, Neurosis and Human Growth. New York: W. W. Norton, 1950.

 (I generally employ Adler and Horney’s definitions of neurosis. Needless to say that there are other definitions of what neurosis is or is not. I do not find those useful. Consider Sigmund Freud’s definition of neurosis. As Freud sees it, we are born with what he calls Id. Id drives include sex and aggression…he later added death, Thanatos. The human child seeks polymorphously perverse sexuality. He is born bisexual. The boy child wants to have sex with his mother; the girl child wants to have sex with her father. This desire creates rivalry between the child and the opposite gender parent. This is the famous oedipal complex. The normal child resolves it by identifying with the parent of same gender. To do so he allows his ego, the referee between Id and Superego, to tell him to accept the superego’s injunction that he obeys social norms. Where the three psyche forces of Id, Ego and Superego are not balanced Freud believes that the child becomes neurotic. The child therefore needs to see a psychoanalyst and free associate; say whatever comes to his mind, including owing up that he desired to have sex with his mother, and the analyst analyzes them and, ultimately, gets him to accept the mores of society. I do not accept Freudian ideas; for one thing, I do not recall wishing to have sex with my mother. On the other hand, I find Carl Jung’s idea of collective unconscious intriguing. Jung believes that we all are connected to an unconscious mind that contains the residue of all human past experiences and that it influences our present behaviors. Jung believes that there is a spiritual aspect to us, that we are not our persona, our ego personality and that beneath the mask of the ego is our real self, a spiritual self. Eric Fromm, Erik Erikson, Otto Rank, Kurt Lewin, Gordon Allport, R.D Laing, Carl Rogers, Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck Abraham Maslow, B.F Skinner and others have their own ideas of what constitutes neurosis. Each mental health professional gravitates to certain definition of what neurosis means to him. Let us just say that neurosis is our term for the functional-normal human being with problems; no human being is psychologically or physically healthy.)

 When a person goes to a psychologist or psychiatrist, the later performs tests and mental status examination and eventually comes up with a diagnosis, and treatment plan, if the person needs psychological treatment. Here is my psychological assessment:

Axis 1: (Any Psychosis?): None

 Axis 11: (Personality type): Avoidant personality with obsessive-compulsive features

 Axis 111: (Medical Issues): Spondilolysis, Mitral Valve Prolapse

 Axis 1V: (Psychosocial stressors): living in a racist society, attacks on black folk’s self esteem

 Axis V: (Level of functioning/maturity level): Highest level of social functioning.

 A complete psychological assessment includes Intelligence Tests. I have taken Intelligence Tests, including WISC, WAIS and Stanford Binnet. These tests are generally scored from one to 140; however, if the individual does very well at them the psychologist is allowed to employ other test instruments until he can provide the final estimate of his IQ. Any IQ over 140 is a conjecture.

 On these standard IQ tests 90% of the population score average (85-115), 5% or so score above average (118-130), 2% score at gifted/superior level (132-140) and 2% score at mental retardation level (under 70).

 In my opinion, it is critical that you, an African, take personality tests. This is because they help you understand your personality. Personality type is correlated with success at certain professions. For example, if you have elevated paranoia you tend to do well as a police officer, immigration officer, judge, prosecuting attorney and other professions that reward suspiciousness. If you are narcissistic you tend to do well in business and military. If you are obsessive compulsive you tend to do well in intellectual subjects (be a professor). If you are shy, avoidant you tend to do well in philosophy and subjects that reward introspection etc.

 It is also critical that you know what your IQ level is. Average persons are average Joes, average workers. Above average persons do well in the various professions (Medicine, Engineering, College Professor etc). Superior IQ fellows tend to do well in research jobs.

 Knowing where you fall in the food chain helps you plan your career and be realistic in your self assessment. You do not want to delude yourself into thinking that you are as smart as all persons, for, believe it or not, there are incredibly sharp folk out there.

 As Africans we are defensive towards this whole IQ thing because Africans are said, on the average, to score lower than other races. Be that as it may, the fact is that there are individual differences in intelligence level. Understanding your intelligence level helps you plan your life and what to do with it. (I am suited for research work, seeking answers to questions.)

 Generally, upper middle class white folk (those with Income over $150, 000 a year) have their children tested and directed to where they are most likely to succeed.

Existential roots of inferiority feeling

 Above, I indicated that Alfred Adler believed that inferiority feeling is caused by biosocial factors(such as inherited biological constitution and adverse social experiences…in North America black folk are seen as not intelligent and as inferior and treated as such and this supposedly makes them feel inferior…see the writings of Kenneth Clark especially why black children prefer white toys; Karon, the Negro Personality; Pettigrew, A Profile of the Negro American; Oversay and Kardiner, The Mark of Oppression; Franz Fanon, Black Skin White Mask etc). Adler is only partially correct. In my view, other factors contribute to the feeling of inferiority.

 I believe that there is a metaphysical dimension to inferiority feeling and restitutive grandiosity. Let me briefly summarize my ontological view of man.

 I believe that all human beings are the extensions of God. God created us by extending his self to each of us. God extended to your parents, who, in turn, extend to you and give you God’s creative energy to create your own children. Creation has no beginning and no end.

 God is spirit; we are part of God’s unified spirit. Where God ends and his children begin is nowhere and where one child of God ends and another begin is nowhere.

 God is in his children and they are in him and in each other. There is no space and gap between God and his children or between one child of God and another.

 What I described, although metaphorical, I believe, is the state of eternity, aka heaven. Eternity is unified state where God and his infinite children are the same, equal and one (unified). In this eternal union is peace, happiness; in a word, bliss.

 Somehow, the desire for separation entered eternity. Separation is impossible for all things must be unified to exist. If separation were to exist all things would cease existing. It is impossible for separation to exist in the world created by God. Nevertheless, the children of God desired to be separate from God and from each other.

 As it were, (borrowing from Hindu religious metaphor) we cast a magical spell, Maya, on us and went to sleep and in our sleep dream that we are separated from God and from each other.

 We invented a world that seems the opposite of the world that God created. God created a unified spirit world and we invented a separated physical world. We now seem to live in the world of separation, space, time and matter.

  The moment we manifested in the world of separation, I believe that we feel small, little and inferior. That is to say that inferiority feeling is contributed to by our separation from our creator, God. Our inferiority feeling is not only the product of our inferior bodies and adverse social experiences, as Alfred Adler claimed; there is an existential dimension to it.

 In eternity, God, heaven, we felt significant (grandeur). On earth, in separation we feel insignificant.

 But since we were used to feeling grandeur in God (God is grandeur itself; in him his children live in grandeur and magnificence), we could not tolerate feeling little on earth. We, therefore, try to compensate with pursuit of superiority.

 All human beings, in degrees, pursue superiority. This pursuit is unconscious in so-called normal persons but conscious in so-called neurotic persons.

 Both the normal and neurotic person (they are the same person, just degrees of difference, for example, a normal person has some self consciousness but a neurotic has total self consciousness, to the extent that it paralyzes him) know that they are not superior to any one but wish for superiority. They have a wish for superiority but know that all of us are the same, equal and united. That is to say that they are operating in reality, albeit compromised reality (reality is that we are the same, equal and one).

 Psychotic persons, unlike normal- neurotic persons, believe that they are superior to other people. The insane person believes that he is superior to normal persons!

 There are many types of psychosis; the major ones are schizophrenia and manic depression aka bipolar affective disorder. About 2% of the human population is psychotic (insane…if you have read so far you are not insane, a psychotic’s voices would have prevented him from concentrating on reading this far).

 Psychosis is characterized by the presence of delusions, such as believing what is not true is true (such as believing that one is superior to other people when that is not true) and the presence of hallucination in one or more of the five senses: auditory, visual, olfactory, tactile etc.

 Schizophrenia has many forms, including disorganized, paranoid, catatonic, undifferentiated, simple etc. Mania includes delusion of importance, excited sensorium, laughing due to internal stimuli, poor judgment etc. Depression includes loss of interest in the activities of daily living, such as work, sex, food, personal hygiene and grooming, etc and wishing to kill ones self and get it over with.

 These days psychosis is treated with medications, for their genesis is thought rooted in biochemical imbalances. Schizophrenia is believed to have something to do with the neurotransmitter dopamine; mania is believed to have something to do with the neurotransmitter norepinephrine; depression is believed to have something to do with the neurotransmitter serotonin. Schizophrenia is treated with the various neuroleptic medications, such as Zyprexa, Risperdal and Geodon etc. Mania is treated with anti mania medications, such as Lithium, Depakote, Tegretol etc. Depression is treated with anti depressant medications, such as Zoloft, Prozac, Paxil etc. (Anxiety disorder, though a neurosis, may be treated with anti anxiety medications, such as the various anxiolytics…Xanax, Valium etc, but the treatment of choice is psychotherapy. I find Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Behavior Therapies the best methodological approach to treating neurosis aka anxiety disorder)

 I am not going to focus on mad men for no mad person could have read this paper this far. I am interested in normal-neurotic human beings, that is, most human beings. I will leave the two percent of humanity that is psychotic to psychiatrists to deal with.

Return to unified state eliminates inferiority feeling

 If separation from God contributes to ones feeling of inferiority and littleness it follows that return to God (unified state) results in ones feeling of wholeness.

 Human beings use religion to enable them return to their source, their creator, God. I believe that man must have some sort of religion that enables him to feel unified with God to be psychologically healthy.

 There are many religions in the world and most of them lead to the reduction or elimination of our sense of separation, the ego, and enable us feel unified with our creator. Whatever religion helps you reduce your sense of separation to your maker, your egotism, is useful.

 (The word religion derives from Latin, religio: it means return to ones source, ones origin. Men believe that they originate in spirit; if so they try to reconnect to their spiritual origin through religious activities. If you are an atheist, well, return to your delusion that you know it all to make a judgment that there is no God.)

 I believe that psychotherapy (applied psychology) is necessary for human self improvement.

 Generally speaking, upper middle class white folk and their children go to psychotherapists (for individual, family and group sessions). Psychotherapy is expensive. In the USA an hour spent with a psychotherapist sets you back by about $100, or more. Since folk do that once a week, for a year or more, you are looking at over $5,000 a year!  

 Most black folk do not have that kind of money to burn. Black folk experience with the mental health system is when they are in a crisis and are hospitalized (and “their asses” are filled with medications, medications that sometimes have dreadful side effects; lithium, for example, leads to the collapse of the kidneys).

 If you can afford it, please get tested and see psychotherapists for at least a year. I think that it would enable Africans to get to know themselves and make them more productive.

 Moreover, testing ascertains antisocial personalities and begins to help them before they become criminals. I really think that it is unacceptable for African leaders to steal from their people. If these politicians’ antisocial personality disorders were identified in their childhood, perhaps we could have prevented them from stealing too much by teaching them pro-social behaviors?

Inferiority feeling is depression; superiority feeling is narcissism and or paranoia

  To feel inferior is to be depressed; to feel superior is to be narcissistic and or paranoid. Underneath inferiority is depression; underneath paranoia and narcissism is depression.

 In effect, Adler’s neurotic pursues superiority because deep down he is depressed, not major depression requiring medications but existential depression for he feels little.

 Superiority feeling is a mask over existential despair and depression. See William Meissner, The Paranoid Process, New York: Aronson, 1980. This book is technical in language; if you are not familiar with psychoanalytic jargon you may not understand it.

 To be mentally healthy one has to feel the same, equal and one with all being; equality is peace, joy and social harmony.

 Those whose bodies are relatively healthy tend to feel equal to all; those whose bodies feel weak feel inferior to other people, that is, have some depression and anxiety.

 A Course in Miracles says, and my experiences leads me to agree, that it is separation from God that makes one feel little and inferior and react with pursuit of false superiority and then project ones inferiority feeling, a mental thing to ones body and make the body feel inferior so as to make the sickness seem in the body, and avoid knowing that it is in the mind that sought separation from its creator.

 If one feels unified with all people one is healthy and projects that to ones bodyand makes ones body feel relatively healthy; one then uses ones healthy body, illusion, to love, to communicate love to other children of God living in bodies.

 What this means is that if you see a person who boasts a lot and seems narcissistic and or paranoid know that his narcissism and paranoia are masks over an underlying sense of despair, depression. Such a person needs understanding and help rather than punishment. Redirect the braggart to psychotherapists that may help him understand how his ego, conscious and unconscious aspects of it, works and help him come to terms with the unman condition.

 We are born and must die and eaten by worms. We must necessarily suspect that we are worthless and valueless and that life is meaningless and purposeless. But since such feeling is unacceptable to the children of God who in God had grandeur they compensate with false grandiosity.

 A shrink (psychiatrist, psychologist) can help shrink folk’s swollen egos to functional levels.

 In my judgment, additionally, religion is necessary in helping folk to finding worth, meaning and purpose in their lives.

The individual is not his self concept and self image; he is the maker of self concepts and self images

The self concept and the self image are unreal. They are defended and protected to make them seem real.

 If the self concept and self image are not defended one feels light, as if one has no self concept, but that a spirit self lives through one.

 Do not defend your self concept and self image (with the various ego defense mechanisms, such as repression, suppression, denial, dissociation, displacement, projection, rationalization, intellectualization, sublimation, reaction formation, fantasy, avoidance, minimizing, pride, shame, guilt, anger, fear etc); let them (ego defenses) go and you are freed from anxiety, depression, paranoia, schizophrenia and all mental disorders.

 The self concept and self image are false and must be defended with ego defenses to make them seem real to one; without defense they do not exist for they are made up entities.

 If one has no self concept and self image one would not give in to anger, fear, depression, paranoia, schizophrenia, hallucinations etc, one would just feel peace and happiness and ones body feels light.

 In conclusion, my wish for Africans is that beginning January 1, 2008 they subject themselves to psychological understanding and work at overcoming their personality quirks and become better human beings. No human being is ever one hundred percent healthy, physically and psychologically, but we can understand ourselves and improve on our weaknesses.

Ozodi Thomas Osuji, PhD ( University of California)

December 31, 2007

ozodiosuji@gmail.com

Robot  Villager

# 1 var sbtitle6526=encodeURIComponent(AFRICANS KN...Read the full article. Posted by Robot| 31.12.2007 22:38

Hamattan  Villager

# 2 Book Lunch - The Key Issues of Ozodism Content 1. Blacks & whites mental state: a comperative analysis 2. Igbo metal status a. Why monkies are more developed mentally than the Igbo b. Igbo stupidity and lack of self esteem 3. Nigerians/Africans psycho-anlysis. Posted by Hamattan| 01.01.2008 04:08

akuluouno  Villager

# 3 Haba Harmattan, Happy New year. How did you reduce such an outpouring of academic research to these issues:icon_ques I tried to read the article as much as I can and was able to deduce somethings that might be useful for one and all. I think OTO kept using Igbos and Africans interchangeably. I do not think that there is anything wrong with people carrying out a personality analysis. We have many mad persons as leaders in various strata in Nigeria. Many have turned their narcissim and paronia into weapons of demagougery in Nigeria and Africa at large. This is very evident among many politicians and religious clerics in Nigeria. Even in the civil service if you have a boss that is anti-educational advancement, you incur his hatred immediately you mention further studies:twisted::twisted::twisted: I believe that Nigeria needs to institute a personality anaysis or test for all who want to aspire to leaership position of any type including the attendance of NIPSS. Look at the leadership in Nigeria and see many that need psychological help. And like every mad man they hardly know that they need help but enthrone their madness on the Nigeria society unwittingly:mad::mad::mad: I think it was the late venerable Prof Lambo who waas original in these comments::idea::idea: Posted by akuluouno| 01.01.2008 08:40

Hamattan  Villager

# 4 =akuluouno;4294976863>Haba Harmattan, Happy New year. How did you reduce such an outpouring of academic research to these issues:icon_ques I tried to read the article as much as I can and was able to deduce somethings that might be useful for one and all. I think OTO kept using Igbos and Africans interchangeably. I do not think that there is anything wrong with people carrying out a personality analysis. We have many mad persons as leaders in various strata in Nigeria. Many have turned their narcissim and paronia into weapons of demagougery in Nigeria and Africa at large. This is very evident among many politicians and religious clerics in Nigeria. Even in the civil service if you have a boss that is anti-educational advancement, you incur his hatred immediately you mention further studies:twisted::twisted::twisted: I believe that Nigeria needs to institute a personality anaysis or test for all who want to aspire to leaership position of any type including the attendance of NIPSS. Look at the leadership in Nigeria and see many that need psychological help. And like every mad man they hardly know that they need help but enthrone their madness on the Nigeria society unwittingly:mad::mad::mad: I think it was the late venerable Prof Lambo who waas original in these comments::idea::idea: Happy New Year to you too Sis, I am not unaware of the importance of personality analysis or test of a leader or a people, be they Igbo, Nigerian, African, European, or whatever. But in doing so, one needs to avoid abusing or insulting the senses of the poeple by using deplorable terms and applying generalisation, labeling and even zenophobic principles. This approach is common in most OTO's article, hence my earlier comment. If OTO is so concerned about the mental state of his people, he should come out with a plan on how to improve their psychiatric and psychological services rather that constantly repeating himself on the same subject every year, without saying anything new. Posted by Hamattan| 01.01.2008 10:34

akuluouno  Villager

# 5 Thanks Harmattan. I must confess I am not an avid reader of Dr OTO's articles:neutral: However there may not be any harm in spite of I think, Alexander Pope's admonitions if I take mere sips from time to time from his well spring of knowledge rather than drink it to my fill.:eek::eek: seeing that the scientific study of man is not only man but can also be a very complicated and ardous task:idea::idea: Thanks oncemore and Happy 2998. sorry printers devil who go live reach that age in the village Happy 2008:D:D:D Posted by akuluouno| 01.01.2008 18:35

Tony  Villager

# 6 =akuluouno;4294976863>Haba Harmattan, Happy New year. How did you reduce such an outpouring of academic research to these issues:icon_ques I tried to read the article as much as I can and was able to deduce somethings that might be useful for one and all. I think OTO kept using Igbos and Africans interchangeably. I do not think that there is anything wrong with people carrying out a personality analysis. We have many mad persons as leaders in various strata in Nigeria. Many have turned their narcissim and paronia into weapons of demagougery in Nigeria and Africa at large. This is very evident among many politicians and religious clerics in Nigeria. Even in the civil service if you have a boss that is anti-educational advancement, you incur his hatred immediately you mention further studies:twisted::twisted::twisted: I believe that Nigeria needs to institute a personality anaysis or test for all who want to aspire to leaership position of any type including the attendance of NIPSS. Look at the leadership in Nigeria and see many that need psychological help. And like every mad man they hardly know that they need help but enthrone their madness on the Nigeria society unwittingly:mad::mad::mad: I think it was the late venerable Prof Lambo who waas original in these comments::idea::idea: @Akuluono: My sister, it is unfortunate that you do not know the guy that calls himself Osuji. Just take your time to read some of his articles and you would discover how sick the guy is. All he does is make sweeping generalisations, and throw hateful insults at whole groups of people. He is so sick and obsessed by his hatred that almost all his articles keeps recycling the same ignorant trash he shamelessly dishes out. A sick hate monger who adopted a fake Igbo name and parades the internet with nothing but filthy hate sermons. He never proposes any solutions to problems, all he does is preach hatred from the pits of hell. It is agents of the devil like Osuji who do nothing but preach hatred amongst other Africans that are responsible for the genocide in Rwanda, and other parts of Africa. Osuji is a coward and a sick sadist who needs to be saved from himself. People like him could very easily become suicidal or even serial killers. I pray that *******s like himself who do nothing but preach hatred against others should meet their violent waterloo in this year of the lord 2008. Posted by Tony| 03.01.2008 14:46